What are common issues caused by improper pressure head in a water system?

Improper pressure head in a water system can lead to pipe bursting and leaks primarily due to excessive pressure. When the pressure in a water distribution system exceeds the designed limits, it can cause stress in the pipes. Over time, this stress may lead to failures such as cracks or ruptures, resulting in significant leaks. Additionally, high pressure can lead to the erosion of pipe joints and connections, compounding the risk of leaks and system failures.

While other issues such as poor water quality, inconsistent flow rates, and reduced energy efficiency could be related to pressure issues in a broader sense, their primary causes can vary. For instance, poor water quality may stem from contamination or lack of proper treatment rather than pressure head alone. Inconsistent flow rates are often influenced by system design or blockages. Reduced energy efficiency generally relates to how pumps and motors operate under varying pressures, not necessarily indicative of pressure head issues alone. Therefore, pipe bursting and leaks are the direct and most critical consequences of an improper pressure head situation.